U.S. Congress presses Nvidia CEO over China spy links - 동아일보

Congress targeting the CEO personally—rather than the corporate entity—marks a qualitative escalation beyond the 2018 ZTE precedent. Geopolitical risk is no longer a line-item compliance cost; it is now a personal legal exposure that rewrites board-level risk calculus. Technically, tightening export controls will not create a single point of failure. CUDA lock-in means disruption cascades simultaneously through HBM suppliers (SK Hynix, Samsung), advanced packaging (CoWoS), and data-center deployment. Compliance architecture must shift from retrospective audits to real-time provenance tracking—chip passports become existential, not optional. On competition, neither AMD nor Intel can replicate the CUDA ecosystem in the near term, but external pressure compresses Huawei Ascend and Cambricon's substitution timeline by 12 to 18 months. The 24-month outlook is not a forecast but an in-progress structural bifurcation: two mutually incompatible AI compute stacks, divided along compliance boundaries. The hearing is the symptom; the decoupling is the disease.