Industry Analysis
Nvidia’s sustained >70% gross margins reveal a structurally lopsided AI chip market. Technically, its GPU ecosystem is deeply entrenched in dominant AI frameworks, relegating Google’s TPUs and Amazon’s Inferentia to inference-side supplements—incapable of challenging training dominance. This lock-in strains upstream EDA and advanced packaging (e.g., CoWoS) capacity while compressing hyperscalers’ ROI on custom silicon. Geopolitically, U.S. export controls temporarily bolster pricing power but accelerate AI chip substitution efforts in Taiwan, China and mainland China, threatening long-term global share. In response, hyperscalers may co-invest in RISC-V-based accelerators or decouple software from hardware dependency. Over the next 18 months, Blackwell ramp-up and Rubin prototyping will convert technical leads into capital moats—yet antitrust scrutiny over its quasi-monopoly is mounting. Without genuine competition, such margins are inherently fragile.
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